EU Methane Regulation Comes into Force
The EU Methane Regulation—first proposed in December
2021—was
approved
by the Council of the EU on May 27, 2024 as part of the ‘Fit for 55’
legislative package with a near unanimous vote by member states. The regulation
applies to all EU Member States from July 2024.
What do the new EU rules involve?
Measuring and reporting
- Requirements to measure, report, and verify methane emissions in the energy sector
- Measurements to be checked by independent verifiers
- Regular monitoring by oil and gas companies of their equipment to detect leaks and identify repair needs
- Public inventories of inactive wells and coal mines
Reducing emissions in the EU
- Immediate reductions through mandatory leak detection and repair, and by limiting the release of methane at energy production plants (venting and flaring)
- Mitigation plans by member states
- Emissions reduction actions also for inactive or abandoned extraction site
Tackling energy imports
- Global monitoring tools to ensure the transparency of emissions from imports of fossil fuels
- The obligation to trace emissions of energy imports
Courtesy of
European Council
Oil and gas operators have an opportunity to exceed
the new standards to gain competitive advantage.
What is the EU Methane Regulation?
The regulation introduces obligations for oil and gas operators in oil
and gas exploration and production (onshore and offshore), gas gathering and
processing, gas transmission, distribution, underground storage and operations
in liquified natural gas (LNG) within the EU on methane that include:
- Measurement, reporting, and
verification (MRV).
- Mitigation of emissions including
use of:
- Leak detection and repair (LDAR)
- Venting and flaring (V&F):
restrictions, reporting, flaring efficiency requirements
- Quantification and mitigation of
emissions from inactive, temporarily plugged, and permanently plugged and
abandoned oil and gas wells.
Quantification requires third party verification for reporting to the
relevant authorities.
The regulation also specifies obligations for fossil fuel importers on
methane:
- Information provision.
- Demonstrating equivalence of MRV.
- Methane intensity of the production of crude oil, natural gas, and
coal—reporting of methane intensity and demonstrating the imports remain
below the maximum methane intensity values.
An infographic of the regulations to be enacted by member states is
provided below. The Oxford Institute of Energy Studies (OIES) provides a
comprehensive
analysis
of the recently approved regulation..
What's next as the regulation is implemented?
Image source: https://video.consilium.europa.eu/event/en/27485
With EU Council approval, the regulation will apply to the 27 EU Member
States and will come into force this year. Applicability to the three
European Economic Area (EEA) countries—Iceland, Liechtenstein, and
Norway—will be subject to the EEA Joint Committee.
While the regulation lays out the principles, key details still need to
be developed by the Commission and member countries via delegated and
implementing acts. This includes the development of MRV templates, development
of methodologies to calculate methane intensity, digital infrastructure to
facilitate submission of reports, and the creation of a methane transparency
database.
This is on top of appointment of the Competent Authorities (CAs), as
well as providing clarity over overlapping responsibilities with National
Regulatory Authorities (NRAs) and associated regulations such as the Gas
Directive, EU Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) (including clarify of boundaries
of LNG shipping under the purview of EU ETS), and the Carbon Border Adjustment
Mechanism (CBAM).
What does this mean for oil and gas operators?
Though there are still many details to be worked-out in the
implementation of the regulation, it represents a substantial effort by the EU
to curtail methane emissions in the energy sector. Once implemented, this
regulation mandates rigorous monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV)
standards, alongside stringent measures to eliminate routine flaring and
venting. For upstream oil and gas operators, this regulatory shift presents
both a challenge and an opportunity—one that demands proactive action
for several compelling reasons:
- Regulatory compliance and operational efficiency:
The regulation
requires oil and gas operators to adhere to the highest MRV standards,
demanding precise measurement and documentation of methane emissions. By
investing in advanced technologies for leak detection and repair, companies can
not only comply with these regulations but also identify and rectify
inefficiencies in their operations. This proactive approach can lead to
significant cost savings by reducing wasted resources and improving overall
operational efficiency. The first horizon is for EU operators to report to OGMP
2.0 Level 3 in 2025, following implementation by each member state. EU
importers (with information provisions in 2025), and thus exporters to EU, will
need to follow suit quickly after.
- Risk mitigation and long-term viability:
Failure to comply with
this stringent regulation could result in substantial fines and legal
repercussions for companies. Moreover, the regulation includes provisions for a
rapid alert mechanism for "super-emitting" events, ensuring immediate action on
significant methane leaks. By proactively addressing potential emission
sources, companies can mitigate regulatory and environmental risks, ensuring
long-term viability and stability in an increasingly regulated market.
- Economic incentives and innovation:
The regulation is part of the
broader European Green Deal and REPowerEU initiatives, which include economic
incentives for companies that invest in clean energy technologies and
innovation. By leveraging these incentives, there is an opportunity for oil and
gas operators to fund the transition to more sustainable practices, driving
innovation in methane detection and mitigation technologies. This not only
helps meet regulatory requirements but also fosters a culture of continuous
improvement and technological advancement.
- Global leadership and competitive advantage:
The EU regulation
aims to reduce methane emissions from imported fossil fuels meaning that
international suppliers must meet similar standards to access the European
market. Companies that adopt and exceed these standards early will gain a
competitive advantage.
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